Essential Components for Rocket Launching
To launch the rocket you need:Let's look at each of the items in more details. Or skip to "what to expect during a first launch".
Rocket
Model rockets are constructed from lightweight materials such as paper and plastic. Depending on the kit you choose, your rocket may come pre-assembled or require some assembly on your part. The amount of work involved is usually indicated by the manufacturer's "Skill Level" classification. Click Here for more details on skill levels or consult the specific guidelines provided by the manufacturer.
One of the great advantages of model rocketry is that rockets are reusable. After a successful launch and recovery, you can re-arm the rocket and launch it again.
There are various types of rockets you can explore in this hobby:
- Single-Stage Rockets: These are the simplest and most common type, ideal for beginners. They have a single engine and are easy to launch.
- Multi-Stage Rockets: These rockets have more than one stage, each with its own engine. They are more complex and can reach higher altitudes.
- Cluster Rockets: These rockets use multiple engines simultaneously in a single stage, providing more thrust.
- High-Power Rockets: Any rocket that is launched with a motor producing 160Ns of thrust or more. This short guide does not apply to high-powered rockets.
If you're a beginner, it's advisable to start with simple single-stage rockets. Starting the hobby with larger, more complex rockets is not recommended unless you have previous experience or are launching under the supervision of someone who does.
Rocket Engine / Motor
A Rocket Motor is a specialized device that generates thrust by burning propellant stored within its casing. Unlike the rocket itself, the motor is generally not reusable, except for reloadable motors where the casing can be refilled. The engine produces flame, heat, and sparks, so it's crucial to maintain a safe distance from the launch pad.
We offer engines from all major North American manufacturers, including Estes, Aerotech, and Cesaroni.
Engines come in various types and sizes, each designed to produce a specific amount of energy. The energy output is indicated by a letter—'A' being the smallest, and each subsequent letter representing up to twice the energy. For instance, a 'G' engine is the most powerful commonly used in model rocketry. The number following the letter indicates the engine's average thrust; higher numbers mean higher thrust.
On our website, you'll find engines that exceed the 'G' classification. However, it's important to note that these are not considered "model rocketry" engines and are intended for "High Power" rocketry projects.
Besides propulsion, the engine also serves to deploy the rocket's parachute or streamer. A timed ejection charge is activated after burnout, releasing the parachute and allowing for a safe descent. The last digit on the engine label indicates the time delay (in seconds) between burnout and parachute ejection.
While rocket engines produce flame and heat, the hobby remains safe as long as all components are used as intended and safety guidelines are followed. For more information on safety, you can refer to the rules developed by the Canadian Association of Rocketry.
Launch Pad
The launch pad serves as the stable platform from which your rocket takes off. It not only holds your rocket in an upright position but also deflects the engine's flame away from the ground, reducing the risk of starting a grass fire. The pad's design allows for slight angle adjustments to account for wind conditions.
Launch pads can often accommodate rockets of various sizes by using different launch rods. Common rod sizes include 3mm, 4mm, and 6mm (1/8", 3/16", 1/4"). However, not all pads can hold every size of rod, so it's important to check compatibility. The size of the pad itself is also crucial; smaller, more common pads may not be suitable for launching larger rockets.
For rockets powered by E through G engines, a more robust launch pad is necessary. Some larger mid-power rockets may even require a launch rail instead of a rod for added stability. As always, these requirements will be clearly indicated in the rocket kit's description.
Launch Controller
The launch controller is your central hub for rocket launches, designed to initiate the rocket engine by sending an electrical current to the igniter. It features a safety key and a launch button, both of which must be engaged for ignition. The controller connects to the igniter through electrical wires, long enough to ensure you can stand at a safe distance from the launch pad. The wire length is particularly important when using different engine types.
When experimenting with new engine types, it's essential to confirm that your existing controller is appropriate and safe for use. A controller suitable for 'C' engines, for example, may not be safe for more powerful 'E' engines due to the required proximity to the launch pad. Always consult the rocket's description for recommended controller specifications.
Some controllers offer an audible signal to alert you and bystanders of an upcoming launch and to confirm proper wire connections. Controllers may require an external battery or come with an internal one. For more information on launch pads and controllers, click here.
Having fresh, high-quality batteries is essential for reliable rocket launching, especially in the harsh conditions of a Canadian winter. Low-quality or generic batteries from dollar stores may not provide the consistent power needed for a safe and successful launch. Always opt for reputable brands to ensure optimal performance.
Igniter
The igniter is a small wire that heats up when an electric current passes through its terminals, igniting the propellant inside the engine. When you're ready to launch, you place the igniter into the engine and connect it to your launch controller. All engines available on this site come with an included igniter. However, igniters are fragile, and if one breaks, you'll need a replacement.
While igniters are always included with our motors, it's a good idea to have a spare one on hand. As you gain more experience in rocketry, you may find that you prefer specific types of igniters that offer better performance. We offer a wide range of igniters to suit various needs and preferences.
Wadding
Wadding is a non-flammable paper inserted between the engine and the parachute or streamer (recovery system) inside your rocket. Its primary function is to protect these components from the hot gases produced by the engine's ejection charge.
The amount of wadding needed varies depending on the diameter of your rocket, and multiple sheets may be required. It's crucial never to substitute wadding with any other material not specifically designed for this purpose, as it could catch fire and pose a fire risk at the landing site, since the wadding will be ejected.
While some people use alternative materials like "Dog Barf" or other types of insulation to save money, we strongly recommend being environmentally conscious. Opt for materials that won't scatter in the environment, and if using wadding, ensure that any remnants are picked up and disposed of properly. (Same for used engines)
Some rockets come with an ejection baffle, eliminating the need for wadding. If this is the case, it will be clearly indicated in the rocket's description.
Finding Launch Sites for Model Rockets
The launch site should be a spacious area free from trees, cars, buildings, flammable materials, and overhead wires. The site should also be situated away from busy roads.
Finding the right location for launching your model rocket is crucial for both safety and enjoyment. Here are some recommended types of locations where you can safely launch your model rockets:
- Local Rocketry Clubs: The best option is to join a local rocketry club where you can use approved launch sites and benefit from the experience of seasoned hobbyists.
- Open Spaces/Fields: Large, open fields away from populated areas are ideal. Make sure you have the landowner's permission if it's private property.
- Sports Fields: Some public sports fields may allow rocket launches when not in use for sporting events.
- Farm Lands: With permission from the owner, these can be excellent launch sites due to their wide-open spaces.
- Designated Public Lands: Some municipalities have designated areas for model rocketry.
There could be local park or city by-laws limiting this activity, which could apply to park or city property.
Fly Safely, respect the private property and be respectful to other people by not launching your rockets in crowded places like public beaches or picnic areas to minimize risks and disturbances. Everyone within your designated launch area (see launch dimensions) should be fully aware of your activities..
Be aware of local fire hazard conditions or fire bans. If conditions are hazardous, it's best to wait for more favorable conditions for your launch.
For current fire hazard conditions in Canada, you can refer to the Canadian Wildland Fire Information System Interactive Map.
The immediate vicinity of your launch pad, specifically the ground within a 2-meter radius, should be free from dry grass. This is for a normal launch. If anything goes wrong, the rocket may land away from the launch pad and fire its ejection charge on the ground. Therefore, it's important to ensure the entire launch site is free from dry grass that could catch fire.
Recommended launch site dimensions based on engine type:
- For A engines: Minimum 30 meters in diameter
- For B engines: Minimum 60 meters in diameter
- For C engines: Minimum 120 meters in diameter
- For D engines: Minimum 150 meters in diameter
- For E, F, and G engines: Minimum 300 meters in diameter
What to Expect During Your First Launch?
As you initiate the countdown—5, 4, 3, 2, 1—you'll hear a loud sound emanating from the rocket, lasting for about a second.
The launch process is a spectacle in itself. Once ignited, the engine propels the rocket skyward. After the engine fuel is depleted—known as "burnout"—the rocket continues to coast upward before slowing down and descending. At a predetermined point, the engine activates an ejection charge that deploys a parachute or streamer packed inside the rocket. This slows down the rocket's descent, allowing it to land gently back on Earth. After recovery, you can re-arm the rocket and enjoy another launch.
If you've packed the parachute correctly, it will deploy at this stage, slowing the rocket's descent. (If not, be sure to alert others about the incoming rocket.)
The wind will likely carry your rocket some distance from the launch site, requiring you or someone else to track its path. Given that the rocket is attached to a parachute, it can drift several hundred meters, making it not uncommon to lose rockets in windy conditions. However, with experience, you'll learn how to adapt and manage these challenges. The rocket will descend slowly, and it's essential to note that the engine may remain hot for about a minute after landing, so handle it with care.
If the engine fails to ignite, wait for about a minute before approaching the rocket to investigate the cause. This is a safety precaution to ensure that any delayed ignition does not pose a risk.
